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Choose Your Labor – Parshas Shemos 5770

Posted by Rabbi Yosef Tropper
January 8, 2010 - כ"ג טבת ה' תש"ע
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וימררו את חייהם בעבודה קשה בחומר ובלבנים ובכל עבודה בשדה את כל עבודתם אשר עבדו בהם בפרך (א:יד).

“and they made the Jew’s lives bitter, with hard work, mortar and bricks….” (1:14).

The verse describes the backbreaking labor which the Egyptian tormentors subjected the Jews to. The Zohar (I:27a) makes a famous perplexing comment upon this verse. It states that each of the descriptions refers to Torah.

“They made their lives bitter with “עבודה קשה” (rough work)”, this refers to kasha (questions in the Gemara).”בחומר” , (with mortar), this is kal v’chomer (a logical deduction frequently employed throughout Gemara). “בלבנים”, (bricks) this is libun halacha (working hard to clarify the proper law). The other words refer to understanding a Breisah and Mishna (other sources frequently analyzed in the Gemara).

What is being said, and more so, what does it have to do with the work being described? Many answers have been given. I believe that a powerful message is being illustrated.

The Midrash (Beraishis Rabbah 92:1) states, “there is no one whose life is exempt from suffering; praiseworthy is one whose suffering comes from Torah!”

The Steipler Goan explains (Birchas Peretz, Meiketz) that everyone’s life has a determined amount of pain and trouble which Hashem feels is best to bestow upon him in order for his growth and development. However, this pain and suffering can be bypassed and redirected. When one learns Torah or works to control his desires and wants, his exertion can be painfully difficult. Hashem counts this “self-inflicted pain” as a fulfillment of the suffering that he would have otherwise been doomed to experience in a more mundane manner. Hence, one whose suffering comes from Torah, receives his mandatory suffering and becomes a Talmid Chochom in the process!

Rabbeinu Yonah writes (Yesod HaTeshuva), “when one forces himself to learn Torah or perform Mitzvos against his inclination not to act properly, this is called, “Yesurim Shel Ahava, suffering from love to Hashem!” Amazing words!

The tribe of Levi was exempt from the work in Egypt. They refused to come work for Pharaoh in the first place and thus remained free from work and were permitted to study and practice the Torah throughout the subjugation in Egypt. This is not entirely true! They weren’t exempt from toil! Rather, they were fulfilling that obligation through their effort and work in their daily regiment of Torah study and application!

This now beautifully explains the Zohar’s comments upon our verse! In life, one can chose, do I want to just have regular suffering and pain? Or do I want to learn Torah and do Mitzvos and have the difficult efforts count and wipe away from my time of suffering! The study and performance of the Torah has the power to remove our other troubles!

May we all merit to toil in Torah and Mitzvos and find joy and fulfillment in our daily service of Hashem!

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Moshe Yisro and Deja Vu – A Short Thought on Parshas Shemos 5770

Posted by Rabbi Yosef Tropper
January 8, 2010 - כ"ג טבת ה' תש"ע
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The Seform note some fascinating parallels in the relationship between Moshe and Yisro. We know that the concept of Gilgul, reincarnation, refers to the soul returning again to earth in a different body in order to complete its perfection.

The first two brothers ever were Kayin and Hevel. According to the Midrash, Kayin killed Hevel in an attempt to steal Hevel’s wife. Thus, Kayin was guilty and needed forgiveness for murder and adultery.

Moshe was a Gilgul of Hevel. Hevel’s sin had been that he had looked at the Shechina when Hashem came down to accept his offering. Moshe thus got forgiveness for this by turning away from viewing Hashem at the burning bush.

Yisro was a Gilgul of Kayin. Just as Kayin was a sinner, so too Yisro started off with a tendency towards evil and served all types of Avoda Zarah. However, Yisro resolved this conflict and repented by converting to Judaism!

Interestingly, because Kayin (Yisro) had killed Hevel (Moshe), the daughters of Yisro were thrown into the well to die (as a punishment for Kayin’s murder of Hevel and for adultery [which is punished with strangulation]) and Moshe himself saved them! Also, Yisro (Kayin) finally gave Moshe (Hevel) a wife (Tzippora his daughter) after stealing Hevel’s wife! This is why Yisro brought Tzippora back to Moshe and was very interested to see that they stayed married.

This is just a brief start of all that was going on…

Parshas Shemos

What’s in a Name? – Parshas Shemos 5770

Posted by Rabbi Dovid Boruch Kopel
January 7, 2010 - כ"ב טבת ה' תש"ע
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It is my understanding that the title of a book should encapsulate its essence. Each of the Five Books of the Torah have names that refer to its essence as well. Sefer Bereishis is not just called Bereishis because it contains the beginning of the world but also because it contains the beginning of the People of Yisroel. Why is Sefer Shemos called Shemos? Why does Shemos begin by listing the names? Why is this deemed the essence of Sefer Shemos? What is the connection between the last pasuk in Sefer Bereishis and the first pasuk of Sefer Shemos?

The Baal HaTurim writes that the connection between the last pasuk of Sefer Bereishis and the first pasuk of Sefer Shemos is the tzivoi of Yosef to Bnei Yisroel, to not change their names. He said to them even though they changed my name and called me Tzafnas Panaiach you should not change your name.

There is a Midrash Tanchuma that says that there are three names that Man is called. The first is the name that HaKadosh Boruch Hu called him. The second is the name that his mother and father called him. The last is the name that he calls himself.

My understanding of this midrash is that the name that HaKadosh Boruch Hu called him is in the past tense which is coming to say that is the raw individual. The second name that is called by his parents is the attributes that were given to him at birth. The last name is the name that he calls himself, the way that he identifies himself through his freewill.

It seems that there could be a fourth name, what other call him. The name that Hashem and one’s parents call him are out of his control. The name that he calls himself is up to him to decide. For a person to accept being called a different name can be view as if he accepted it as his name in some respect. Even if he would never introduce himself that way, to respond to a name that one calls you indicates that you have made that a part of you. True, there are times where someone will mispronounce your name and you know that they are referring to you, but for Chaim to be called John, there is no mistake.

What’s so special about a name? A name is not just a word that is used in order to reference someone. A name is the essence of a person. Perhaps this is the reason why Sefer Shemos is called Shemos. The tzivoi of Yosef HaTzaddik was for Bnei Yisroel to not change their name. That is because one’s name is who you are. The nisoyon of galus is to remain Bnei Yisroel in the midst of the Umos HaOlam. Yosef HaTzaddik is the one who was able to remain standing in galus. The Klai Yukur points out that we see that Yosef HaTzaddik kept his name when he revealed himself to his brothers he said “Ani Yosef”.

There is another Baal HaTurim on this pasuk, he writes a notrikun for the pasuk. He writes:

“ר”ת ואדם אשר לומד הסדר שנים מקרא ואחד תרגום בקול נעים ישיר, יחיה שנים רבות ארוכים לעולם” (And Man should learn the order of two reading and one translation in a sweet voice it shall be sung, he will live many long years forever).

Why is the mitzvah of Shnaim Mikrah V’Echod Targum hinted in this pasuk?

The Zohar HaChadush (49a) says that galus mitzrayim was due to the chet of Mechiras Yosef. Since Yosef could not see his father’s face for 22 years each of the shevatim (that were involved in the chet) were sentenced to ten years of galus (220 years). However since the shevatim passed away in a land of impurity and that caused them great pain and anguish ten years of the total was deducted, resulting in 210 (רד”ו) years of galus.

The gemara in Nedarim tells us that really we could have had just the Torah and Sefer Yehoshuah but due to our sins the additional seforim were needed. I have heard several times from my Rebbi Rav Nochum Lansky Shlita that Lashon Arami is in between Lashon HaKodesh and Lashon Chol. It is therefore the purpose of Shneim Mikrah V’Echod Targum to take emphasize the kedushah over the chol. That is the way to withstand the challenge of galus. That is why the mitzvah of Shneim Mikrah V’Echod Targum is hinted to in the very beginning of Sefer Shemos. This chizuk is essential to being able to succeed in galus.

May our Shneim Mikrah V’Echod Targum shed light on our long galus. Help us to keep the proper ratio when approaching kedushah and chol. To never lose sight of who we are, what is our name. Remember that the there are only three names that Man is called. A name from Hashem and a name from parents. The last name is what you call yourself, not what others call you. You are in control of who you are and what your name is.

Parshas Shemos

L’Shmor V’Laasos – Parshas Shemos 5770

Posted by Binyomin Finkelstein
January 7, 2010 - כ"ב טבת ה' תש"ע
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In this weeks פרשה א:כא the פסוק states That the midwives feared ה’ and he made them houses. What does it mean that ה’ made them houses, and what is the connection between these houses, and the fear of ה’? The פסוקים tell us that פרעה was afraid of the growth of the Jewish nation, and a male that would overturn the country and free the Jews from slavery. He instructed the two Jewish midwives, יוכבד and מרים to kill all the male children the moment they are born, this way preventing the arrival of a male savior. We are told however, that they allowed the boys to live, disregarding direct orders from the king.

There was once a simple craftsman that lived in a small town, and he lived a simple life, through serving the town’s people with his modest services. It happened to be as simple as he was; his work was something special, everything he made, was a pure work of art. He had everything he wanted, except he was married for several years, and they still hadn’t received the blessing of children. It happened to be that the King of our craftsman’s country was seeking an expert craftsman to make the finest and biggest idol in the land, in order to create a national god, to unite his country by having everyone serve one god. The king was told of this craftsman, and sent for him to be brought before him. When the king told him what he wanted of him, the craftsman became fearful, and said to himself how can I go and make an idol for the whole country to start worshipping idols? But on the other hand how can I refuse the king, he will most probably reward me handsomely, and on the other hand if I refuse his majesty, I will surely be hung! So he said to the king that he was just a simple craftsman, and he couldn’t take upon himself such a job. The king’s reply was that he had heard about his work, and he wants him to take the job. The craftsman asked for some time to think about it, and the king agreed. Seeing no other option the craftsman went straight home, packed up his meager belongings, and fled the country with his wife. He was blessed shortly afterward with a child. It is not for us to calculate the ways of g-d, the rewards for good deeds, and the punishments for bad ones. But they say that the reason why he was blessed with a son after so many years was because he didn’t give into the whims of the king, but rather, he feared the king of kings much more. This son eventually grew up to become one of the biggest Talmudic scholars of his day, and he had a great influence on the Jewish people. Our craftsman finally had a real house.

יוכבד and מרים had a fear of פערה, but they feared ה’ much more, and allowed the boys to live. They didn’t care about the consequences of disobeying the king, which were obviously, very grave. They were rewarded for their efforts and ה’ made them houses: The כהנים, לוים, &מלכות would stem from them. If a person disregards the worldly consequences, and stands up straight and tall in order to serve his creator properly, then he will most certainly be rewarded, maybe even with a house………

Parshas Shemos

A New Reign of Egypt – Parshas Shemos 5769

Posted by Rabbi Dovid Boruch Kopel
January 16, 2009 - כ"א טבת ה' תשס"ט
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Just some ha’uros on the parshah as I quickly read through. When I learn like this the style is usually kfeching the simple meaning of the words against the words of Chazal. Meaning to say even though I know the truth of the Torah, none the less I still need try to understand how Chazal came to their conclusion. Of course within the many punim of Torah there is no limit to the ways to explain a pasuk, none the less I would first like to understand the great understanding of Chazal first.

Almost right in the beginning of the parshah the pasuk says “וימת יוסף”, “Yosef perished”. It is quite troublesome to state this when the Torah just recorded this with the last pasuk in sefer Brayshis. Even if the pasukim were further away the question would still trouble me. Being that the pasukim are so close it only makes the question stronger. You can ask that it shouldn’t make the question stronger because this is a new sefer. True, but there is still a recollection of the first sefer. I think that the answer is that the first death was that of the Avos. Yosef was somewhere in between an av and one of the shevatim,[1] by his death the era of the Avos also concludes. By beginning shemos with the leaving of Egypt and the passing of Yosef we are linking the two. The truth is we need to lo ok in to the leaving of Egypt first. It is a worthy observation that as the pasuk states there were seventy people who left. In saying so the pasuk adds on by saying “כל נפש”. Why say kol, which always comes to add to something? The end of the pasuk states that Yosef was in Egypt. Then we have the pasuk that says Yosef passed away. What a weird way to write that! First Torah accounts for all those who left Egypt, that is all seventy people and Yosef was in Egypt. Then say Yosef died and all his brothers and his entire era. Perhaps we need to look back and think a little bit. The reason why Yosef came to Egypt was due to his brother’s actions. It is therefore understandable to say that they are also responsible for Yosef having lived in Egypt. It is as if not only did the brothers cause the slavery in Egypt but also prevented Yosef from leaving Egypt. Yosef being the continuation of Yaakov, was unable to continue in his path. For he was left in to stay in Egypt. Due to their actions they caused Yosef to die in Egypt. Such a death also led to their death and all of their generation. It isn’t by rote that the pasuk lists the deaths of Yosef and then his brothers. This was the result of their actions that Yosef was destined to die and not be able to continue out of Egypt.

The Throwing Of the Males

The pasuk state that Paroh obligated the people of Yisroel to throw their newborn Male children into the יאור, or ya’or this body of water was the main sustenence for the people of Egypt. Isn’t it odd that the thing that personifies the source of nourishment be that which was used to exterminate these newborns!? It is of course also found in the dream of Paroh in the beginning of Parshas Miketz it is interesting that both of the cows come from the ya’or. Perhaps this can be explained from the yesod of the Arizal, he says that מצרים is also the word מיצר ים which a I have previously discussed is the greatest compression of physicality that we see. This nature of existence is given to the people of Egypt. As my great Rebbe Rav Nochum Lansky Shlit”a always says that it is seen in the names of all of the rulers they all have to do with physicality.

If you look at the word of מזונונות, Mezonos which means sustenance its root is זן. That is also the same letters as the root of the word זנות, Znus, which means illicit relations. This is most likely the exact opposite of sustenance. Things that sustain a person is not for the mere taste or enjoyment, but to satiate a person and allow them to function. Znus is the pure lust for endless pleasures. This is Egypt. Egypt is the source of all of the exiles that the People of Yisroel experience until today. Their basis of existence is a culture of pleasure and physical indulgence. This is also seen in the Mummification process that they do to all their dead. They believe so strongly in the importance of physicality that it should be preserved even after death.

There is a discussion in the Midrash what does the pasuk mean when it says ותרא אתו כי טוב ההוא, one opinion that of R’Meir says that Tov or good was his name. Another opinion sugest that he was נולד שכהוא מהול, which means he was born circumcised. Finally another opinion, that of the Rabanan states that when he was born נתמלא כל הבית כלו אורה, the entire house filled with light. An amazing thing, all of them. The first suggest that he himself was Tov. The Zohar says on that opinion that in fact his tov is the same as the tov of Brias HaOlam.

The Torah writes that Yocheved was able to hide Moshe for three months but no more. Says Rabbeinu Bachyah that the day of the conclusion of the three months was Shavuos Says the Zohar on the account of the תבת גומא that it is hinting to the ארון that will carry the sacred luchos habris. Says the Zohar that just like the tayvuh was constructed with soft inside and a tought outside so too was the Torah it containing both the positive commandments and the negative commandments as wlell. It is my opinion that the positive commandments represents the the inside of the taivuh and the negative mitzvos representing the outside of the tayvuh. It is the positive mitzvos which are to bring further ahavah to Hashem that is an internal closeness. it is that of the negative commandments which represents the outer shell, that which protects the Torah and its values.

Moshe Rabbeinu who personifies that of the Written Torah as opposed to his brother Aharon who represents the Oral Law. That is why of course Moshe was born circumcised but at the same time was unable of properly speaking with his mouth. The bris milah is of course the words millah which literally means a word, that is the connection as is well known between the bris of the mouth and the milah.

The Males of the nation of Yisroel are being tossed in to the ya’or. It is Moshe who is sailed down the same place. It is perhaps the aspect of the aron that is the vessel that carries Moshe. The din is that all that carry the aron are carried. Perhaps through the ya’or and its journey Moshe and the aron was rescuing the helpless children as his beginning of opposition to the rule of the Paroh. Even in a infantile state Moshe was destined to redeem the People of Yisroel, and so he did.

We are not all Moshe, that is clear. Know that we all have a capacity to redeem the People of Yisroel. Not only do we have such a capability but it is our responsibility to do so. We should are be privileged with the assistance of Hashem constantly to realize our strengths. To find the place that we fit in where no one else does. Take that and run with it! It is all up to us, let’s go!

He Was Good

As I already mentioned the pasuk calls Moshe tov. The Gr”a says that if you take the words of the Shema, there are five words before the word echad. There are six words following the word echad. Those five words represent the Five Books of Moshe, and the six represent the six orders of the Mishnah. Rebbe Akiva who passed away saying the word echad of the Shema shows that he is the one that connects these two entities together. As my great Rebbe Rav Nochum Lansky Shlit”a puts it he is the av of Torah Shel Ba’al Peh. I wanted to add that we see that Moshe is called tov, which is gematriah echad. That means that even though Moshe is Netzach which is the written code, and he is still the source of the oral law. That goes well with the opinion that tov means that Moshe was born circumcised, because he was without a blemish in his bris but he was incapable of clear speech, further personifying the attribute of the written code.

  1. Look in the Prushus D’Rachim for further deatil about this thought. []

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Helping Others – Parshas Shemos 5769

Posted by Rabbi Yosef Tropper
January 14, 2009 - י"ט טבת ה' תשס"ט
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ותקרא שמו משה ותאמר כי מן המים משיתיהו (ב:י).

“…and she called his name Moshe stating, ‘on account that I drew him from the water’” (2:10).

When one analyses the name of Moshe Rabbeinu, there are many interesting insights and revelations that may be gleaned.

The Maharsha (end of Chullin) is bothered by the following question. If Basya was trying to call this child whom she had drawn out of the water with a name expressing that event, then his name should have been Nimsha or Masoy, the drawn out person. Why call him Moshe which translates as “he will draw others?”

He explains that Moshe’s name refers to the fact that in the future he would be involved in saving and bringing out the Jewish people from Egypt. Thus his name in fact does refer to drawing others out! However, this explanation seems to be contradicted by the very verse itself! It says that her justification for the name was because “she drew him out!?”

The Seforno ties everything together by adding vital clarification in how to read our verse. Basya called him Moshe because she recognized that Hashem had guided her to draw him out, in order that he should live on and dedicate his life to saving others. Divine Providence allowed him to be saved, to perform the special task of caring for others. Now everything is well understood!

This is the purpose of life and in this merit one can save one’s own life. We are here to help others and to focus on how we can make other people comfortable and happy. We strive to be sensitive and caring to other people’s needs.

R’ Yitzchok Volozhin (Introduction to Nefesh HaChaim) writes that his illustrious father R’ Chaim Volozhin constantly taught him to be sensitive to the pain and needs of others in order to help them. He would say, “this is what man is all about, he wasn’t created solely to focus on himself. You should dedicate yourself to assisting others to your full ability!”

There are many resources that we possess which we can share with others. Whether it’s time, assistance, support and encouragement, or just a smile or a good word, they are all unimaginably helpful.

The Binah LeItim explains the words in Avos, “If you have Torah knowledge which you have acquired, Al Tachzik Tova L’Aztmecha, (the simple meaning is “do not take credit for it”, for it is from Hashem) don’t keep this precious commodity to yourself, rather share it with others!”

This is the message of Moshe. The epitome of a Jew and of proper living is a focus on pulling others out of troubles and sadness and helping the world become a more pleasant and happy place to live.

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